Room Measurement Tutorial for Dummies Part 1

amirm

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There are few more things transformative in audio than learning how room acoustics works. You never look at any system the same again. Like moving from film photography to digital, measurements give you instant feedback on what your system is doing. Even if you choose to not make any changes to the system, performing measurements can advance your knowledge of audio. So I hope everyone of you reading this post will try to measure your room.

My promise to you in return is to give you the world's simplest and most foolproof way to perform room measurements. And do so in a manner that get gets you professional results with substantial ability to go as deep as you want.

There are a number of videos and guides online on how to do this but in my opinion, they all use the wrong approach. Namely, they attempt to show you in one go how to do everything. Problem with that is a number of things can go wrong along the way that lead to failure and giving up. My approach may seem odd but please trust me. It is the best way to do this and is actually what I did myself to learn to use the tool. And comes from seeing so many people try to take the full bite and fail.

Room EQ Wizard
The tool of choice is a computer program called Room EQ Wizard or REW for short. Sadly there is no wizard in the program. Once you learn how to use the program, it is powerful and quick to use. Until that point though, the program can seem impenetrable even if you are computer savvy and know about measurements. The pitfalls are non-standard user interface, use of heavy technical jargon ("tukey window" anyone?) that even caused me to not know which end was up. It was only through significant experimentation and creating "controls" where I knew what the outcome had to be, did I manage to figure out how the program works. The path I am going to show you here will keep you from facing these difficulties.


0. First step is downloading the program. You used to have to register in a forum to get it but it now has its own web site. Downloading is hassle free, no spam, not garbage. http://www.roomeqwizard.com/

REW is written in "java" which means that it is pretty portable and runs on Mac and Windows. The downside is that it is written in Java which means the stupid thing (Java that is) will sit in the background and forever pester you to upgrade it, and opens your computer to security holes. I enable and disable it as I need it. I suggest for now leaving it enabled until you get through the program. A few days of use is not painful.

This is ALL you need for this part of tutorial as far as hardware and software! Yes, you heard me right. You don't need to buy a microphone. You won't even be hooking up your laptop to your audio system. All I want you to do is get through running the program and importantly, learn the steps to generate test tones and measure the response. The sound will be produced by your laptop speakers. And measurements performed using its built-in microphone.

No, this won't be the real measurements of your room since your laptop speakers suck and the microphone sucks nearly as much. The reason I want you to start this way is that the hardest part of this is using the program. Last thing we need is adding other bits to it that can also cause problems of their own. Most computers have working microphone and speakers so we are good to go there for testing. Once we are comfortable with this step we can move to adding hardware and making real measurements.

1. Install REW and run it. My version checks for new versions all the time at start-up. Cancel out of that if you see it and let the program start. You should see this screen:



2. Ignore everything but the one button to the top left that I have highlighted in yellow called "Measure." Hit that button. REW will pop up an error message complaining about Calibration. Ignore that! And tell it to "continue anyway."



You should then see this pop up window:



Ignore everything but the two VU meters on the right. There are two numbers at the bottom and red indicator on the bar graphs. See if the numbers are dancing up and down by a bit. Whistle or shout into the laptop and see if they jump way high. If you have used your laptop for skype or anything elses that uses the mic, you should be good to go here.

If you don't see the VU meters changing, your computer microphone is not working. Stop here. Don't do anything else until you figure this out. For Windows users, go to the sound control panel, select the microphone and make sure it is not set to mute, or its level at zero. Many laptops have a function key that mutes and unmutes the microphone. Check to make sure you have not activated the muting this way.

3. Assuming you are seeing the levels changing with sound, next step is to hit the button on the left that says "Check Levels." You should hear a hissing sound like FM radio with no-station. Those of you who use AVRs, should be familiar with this test tone for calibrating your speaker levels. This only plays for a few seconds during which the VU meters should shoot way up.

If nothing plays, then you have a playback problem in your computer. Start your favorite media player and have it play some music on your laptop. If you have changed the default output to USB DACs, etc. you need to defeat those so that the music comes out of the laptop speakers. Once there, then REW should work just the same and the broadband test noise playing by hitting Check Levels again.

REW will then report on a level in green, yellow or red. This is the amount of headroom you have in dB SPL. REW likes to have about 10 dB SPL of headroom. Anything lower and REW complains with a red SPL value:



Use the text field called "Level (db FS)" and hit the down button on it and keep testing until the level shows green. You can see mine set at -25.0 in this snapshot.

If your microphone or system is not working, which you should have caught earlier, you will see something like this:



This is basically "digital zero" with the program unable to capture anything. In my case, my mic was set to mute.

Here is an OK level:



Notice that all I had to do is lower the db SPL a couple of notches.

Alas, this exercise can be futile. The test tone REW uses here is different than the one it uses to make its real measurements. The reason to go through this is because the controls to adjust the levels is the same when we make the actual measurements. And this step aids in further troubleshooting if the basics are not working right.

5. Now that the basic checks are done, we are ready for our first measurement. How exciting! :D Before you can do that, you need to fill out the two text fields I had highlighted in the user interface. Those are the frequency range of the measurements. It wants to know the start and stop frequencies. Put in 20 for the first box and 20000 for the second. Now hit the "Start Measure" button.

At first you likely hear nothing even though the program seems to be doing something. That is because your laptop speakers can't reproduce 20 Hz. After a while, the frequency gets high enough that you start to hear a tone that is changing in pitch. It rapidly changes in frequency all the way up to 20 Khz. For the same reasons as the bass, and your hearing, likely you won't hear the last part of this sweep either. That's OK. We are just learning about the system.

During this measuring, REW puts up a "headroom" message and a changing SPL number much like when you were checking levels. Once again, if this number runs into values in red, your signal is too hot. Likewise blue means your levels are too low. Use the Levels control to change the levels or the speaker level in your PC if you can't boost it enough in REW.

REW seems happy with numbers in 10 to 20. I like to get it as close as I can to 10 so that the measurements I make are well above the room noise floor. For this testing anything in green is fine because we are just playing. But when the time comes to make real measurements, this becomes important.

Alas, adjusting levels in this mode can be tedious as every time REW is done with the measurement, it goes back to the main program interface with the new measurement captured:



If your levels were wrong, ignore what you see and click "Measure" again and go back to the measurement window and adjust the levels. Keep doing this until you get satisfactory levels.

6. Congratulations. You just made your first room measurement! Or I should say the capabilities of your laptop speaker and mic. You should see two things here. One is your measurement in a much smaller window on the left. But also a much expanded version on the right as you see in mine. If you see the little graph on the left but not on the right, then use the scroll bar to the left of the large graph and go up and down and you should be able to find it.

The X (horizontal) axis is the frequency. The Y (vertical) axis is the playback "SPL Level." I put that in quotation mark because the absolute numbers there are completely wrong. We could have set our mic and speaker level to anything and change those numbers. Good news is that this does not matter!!! In acoustics measurements, we only care about the shape of things, i.e. relative values. We care that at say 50 Hz, we had a peak that was 10 db higher than at 1 Khz. We don't care what the actual measured value was at either point.

Attempting to get accurate SPL levels is the biggest mistake users of REW make! Do not fall in that trap. There is no useful information in there. Getting accurate levels is possible but requires extensive detective and configuration work with no net value. Get an SPL meter if you want to calibrate your system.

Back to our measurements, you can see the response of my laptop above with the TV playing in the background and the limit of 10 KHz. As expected my laptop speakers don't play below 300 Hz. And high frequency response was shot after about 7 or 8 Khz. Isn't this type of information revealing? Could you have guessed these limits from just looking at your laptop or playing music?

As you keep making measurements, REW stacks each one of them on the left. By clicking on any of them, you see that graph.

6. Now is the time to get comfortable with the program. Make another measurement but this time cup your hand over the microphone or speakers and see how the graph changes.

To see all the measurements at once to compare them, click on the button that says "ALL SPL." You see a list of checkboxes at the bottom. Click them on and off and graphs appear and disappear. The color of the graph matches the measurement lists on the left. Speaking of that, click on where the date is and type whatever you want. I put in the name of the measurement such as, "speaker covered by hand." There is also a white box for any comments you want to add.

To delete a measurement click on the red "x" on the measurement bar on the left. Go ahead, delete all of them and then make a new measurement. Get comfortable with the interface.

Click on the button on top right that says "Limits." Change the left and right number and that would change the range of frequencies seen. If you want to see just the bass, set the low to 20 Hz and high to 200 Hz. That won't show much now given the limitation of the laptop but is essential when the time comes. Top and bottom set on the left adjust the high and low of the display. Again, ignore the second set on the right.

Go to File menu and click Save. What REW saves is the entire set of measurements shown in the left vertical bar, not single ones!

This is all I want you to do in this lesson. The rest is quite a bit easier. Have trouble? Ask questions here. Let's get everyone to finish this part before we move on.

Part 2: http://www.whatsbestforum.com/showt...torial-for-Dummies-Part-2&p=328264#post328264
 
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ACHiPo

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Awesome start! The best and clearest explanation of REW I've seen. Thank you.
 

Diapason

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Amir, I know this is at the early stages of the process but thank you already! This may be the catalyst needed for me to finally get my act together and measure my room. I've been threatening it for ages given repeated sonic "issues", but I think now is the time...
 

FrantzM

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AWESOME .... This needs to be a sticky !!!
 

amirm

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Thanks for the kind words guys. Gave me motivation this morning :), to revise the text and add a few more screen snapshots. Hopefully it reads a lot better now.
 

Brucemck2

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Great contribution Amir. If you can teach folks how to add a USB mic they'll be far down the path. (Provide a low cost USB soundcard recommendation and mic recommendation, and you could provide bulletproof pics to allow phase, etc., measurement. The manual is horrible because it has to generalize to cover so many eventualities.) Teach them to do basic smoothing and to not overly bother about narrow deep nulls, etc. and we'll have a much more informed community.
 

amirm

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Hi Bruce. Yes, all of that is in the cards. Next lesson will be the microphone and connecting the laptop to the audio system. Lesson after that will be what to measure and how to interpret. I will be pretty hardcore about what to use and what not to use in the tool. There are massive landmines in there and as you say, the helpfile is not useful at all.
 

sbo6

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Great service you are providing Amir. REW is an awesome free tool that I've used quite a bit in the past. Adding a how - to for using a Rat Shack mic shouldn't be too difficult for beginners IMO and is really what you need to complete the REW setup and measuring process. With that addition and you are 85% there! :)
 

c1ferrari

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Thanks, Amir! :)
 

amirm

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My pleasure Sam.

I should note that despite the length of my post, the whole process should take less than 5 minutes. So I hope everyone tries and reports back success or issues as I don't want to go to the next lesson without people being finished with this step.
 

ACHiPo

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My pleasure Sam.

I should note that despite the length of my post, the whole process should take less than 5 minutes. So I hope everyone tries and reports back success or issues as I don't want to go to the next lesson without people being finished with this step.

Planning on trying it tonight. I've already used REW successfully (I think), so I'm eager to follow your instructions.
 

ACHiPo

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Lesson 1 was a success. Even better, I've been doing it correctly so the hours I've spent collecting baselines on my room and with various acoustic treatments are valid.

One thing that was a bit difficult with my all-in-one desktop PC was to get levels with 10 dB of headroom, and when I did it was only about 10 dB above the noise floor due to the computer's fan.

Thanks, Teach! Ready for lesson 2!
 

amirm

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Thanks for the feedback. The noise from the PC can be an issue in this lesson but in general, once we get to using proper measurement mic, you can turn up your volume high enough to overcome. At least you can with some cotton in your ears if you are talking about a desktop PC fan. :D
 

Bobvin

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When does part 2 come? (the part about adding a microphone) I imagine even with a good calibrated microphone, the sound card receiving the signal would affect accuracy (but maybe not a significant amount in our purposes).

Would the length of a microphone cable make a difference? If USB it would be limited of course without a hub, yes?
 

microstrip

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When does part 2 come? (the part about adding a microphone) I imagine even with a good calibrated microphone, the sound card receiving the signal would affect accuracy (but maybe not a significant amount in our purposes).

Would the length of a microphone cable make a difference? If USB it would be limited of course without a hub, yes?

Bob,

You can get an inexpensive Dayton Audio UMM-6 USB microphone - I have been using it with a 3m (10 feet) long USB cable. You can download a calibration file for the microphone from the manufacturer.

http://www.amazon.com/Dayton-Audio-UMM-6-Measurement-Microphone/dp/B00ADR2E68
 

Wayne A. Pflughaupt

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microstrip

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Microstrip, I know you're going to hate me, but…


http://www.hometheatershack.com/for.../67086-emm-6-need-calibration.html#post607557

Regards,
Wayne A. Pflughaupt

Thanks Wayne,

Perhaps I was lucky as I was able to borrow a very expensive calibrated Brüel & Kjær microphone from an acquaintance who owns a company specializing in industrial and residential acoustics and my UMM microphone , not the EMM6, was similar within 1db above 30 Hz and bellow 8 kHz. Anyway I only use it mainly for low frequencies, as the included analog/USB interface generates significant spike noise at multiples of 1 KHz. The absolute level calibration carried with a reference standard was accurate to better than .5 dB.
 

DonH50

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I recently bought a CSL-calibrated UMIK-1 (the Dayton had higher self-noise and they did not recommend it). I have not played with it yet but will be curious to see how it compares with my Earthworks reference mic (M30).
 

NorthStar

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I just googled "Best Calibrated Microphones" and here are few top entries:

? www.dirac.se/en/online-store/recommended-microphones.aspx => UMIK-1 - The one people used with MiniDSP Dirac Live Room EQ system.

? http://cross-spectrum.com/measurement/calibrated_behringer.html => Behringer ECM8000 - No longer recommended! ...This was new to me.

? http://realtraps.com/art_microphones.htm => Ten microphones compared: From Ethan...but is it up-to-date? ...It has to be updated to be valid, like anything else.

* Extra: www.testmic.com

//////////////

I also visited other entries from The Shack (Wayne's solid home), Gearslutz (for the amateur and pro musicians/recordists, etc.), AVSForum (with various mics compared with measurements graphs, pics, etc.), and there are several more...but some of them are like two to five and even seven years old.

<<>> The Best calibrated mic would be one that was recently measured, and kept being calibrated/updated with top support...the UMIK-1 seems to fit that bill.

The Internet is cool, packed with info, but lots of info is simply no more relevant today...so stuff needs to be constantly updated to follow the technological advancements we live in; short of that and we simply cannot rely any longer on some of those sites. The site's owners have to keep up with the latest trends and best products, for best performance all across the board. ...So, always verify the dates of your sources, and if the dates are missing then the info is also missing solid foundation.

Happy 4th of July! :b
 

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